New Markers Used in the Diagnosis of Heart Failure

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) is still a major global health concern, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. While classic diagnostic methods like B-type natriuretic peptide and N-terminal pro-BNP are still useful for risk assessment, new biomarkers offer increased diagnostic and prognostic capacities. Novel candidates such as galectin-3, soluble suppression of tumorigenicity-2, growth differentiation factor-15, cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, kidney injury molecule-1, and specific microRNAs shed light on cardiac remodeling, fibrosis, renal dysfunction, and inflammatory pathways. Imaging methods such as echocardiography, Doppler techniques, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging have advanced to complement biomarker data, enhancing diagnosis accuracy and personalized treatment plans. The integration of multimarker methods and digital health monitoring has potential for precision medicine in HF therapy. However, the practical translation of these biomarkers is hampered by assay variability, cost-effectiveness issues, and a diverse patient group. This review addresses the current and emerging biomarkers, advanced imaging techniques, and multimarker approaches in the diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of heart failure, as well as the challenges and future directions for their clinical implementation.

Cite this article as: Demirezen A, Erbaş O. New Markers Used in the Diagnosis of Heart Failure. JEB Med Sci 2025;6(2):39-44.